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Muḥammad ﷺ: Difference between revisions

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The Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ is acknowledged by various titles and epithets, numbering over ---. The following list provides a selection of some of these appellations.
The Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ is acknowledged by various titles and epithets, numbering over ---. The following list provides a selection of some of these appellations.
# Prophet - ((یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلنَّبِیُّ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Anfāl: Verse 64]</sub>
 
# Messenger - ((یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلرَّسُولُ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 41]</sub>
# Muḥammad<ref>(مُّحَمَّدࣱ رَّسُولُ ٱللَّهِۚ) - Sūrah al-Fatḥ: Verse 29</ref>
# Seal of the Prophets - ((وَخَاتَمَ ٱلنَّبِیِّـۧنَۗ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 40]</sub>
# Aḥmad<ref>(وَمُبَشِّرَۢا بِرَسُولࣲ یَأۡتِی مِنۢ بَعۡدِی ٱسۡمُهُۥۤ أَحۡمَدُۖ) - Sūrah al-Ṣaff: Verse 6</ref>
# Unlettered Prophet - ((ٱلنَّبِیَّ ٱلۡأُمِّیَّ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Aʿrāf: Verse 157]</sub>
# Nabī (Prophet)<ref>(یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلنَّبِیُّ) - Sūrah al-Anfāl, Verse 64, among other locations</ref>
# Empathetic and Merciful - ((رَءُوفࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 143]</sub>
# Rasūl (Messenger)<ref>(یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلرَّسُولُ) - Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 41</ref>
# Herald of glad tidings, Forewarner, Witness, Caller [to Allah] - <sub>((شَـٰهِدࣰا وَمُبَشِّرࣰا وَنَذِیرࣰا ۝ وَدَاعِیًا)) [Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 45]</sub>
# Khātam al-Nabiyyīn (Seal of the Prophets)<ref>(وَخَاتَمَ ٱلنَّبِیِّـۧنَۗ) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 40</ref>
# Illuminating Beacon of Light - ((وَسِرَاجࣰا مُّنِیرࣰا)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 46]</sub>
# al-Nabiyy al-Ummī (The Unlettered Prophet)<ref>(ٱلنَّبِیَّ ٱلۡأُمِّیَّ) - Sūrah al-Aʿrāf: Verse 157</ref>
# Bearer of good news - ((بَشِیرࣰا)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 119]</sub>
# Shāhid, Mubashshir, Nadhīr (Witness, Herald of glad tidings, and Forewarner)<ref>(شَـٰهِدࣰا وَمُبَشِّرࣰا وَنَذِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 45</ref>
# Warner and Guide - ((إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُنذِرࣱۖ وَلِكُلِّ قَوۡمٍ هَادٍ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 7]</sub>
# Shahīd (Witness; Testimony)<ref>(عَلَىٰ هَـٰۤؤُلَاۤءِ شَهِیدࣰا) - Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 41</ref>
# Companion - ((مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمۡ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Najm: Verse 2]</sub>
# Bashīr (Bearer of good news)<ref>(بَشِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 119</ref>
# Servant - ((أَسۡرَىٰ بِعَبۡدِهِۦ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Isrāʾ: Verse 1]</sub>
# Mundhir (Warner)<ref>(إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُنذِرࣱۖ) - Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 7</ref>
# Noble - ((رَسُولࣲ كَرِیمࣲ)) <sub>[al-Ḥāqqah: Verse 40; the term “رَسُولࣱ كَرِیمٌ” also comes before in Sūrah al-Dukhān: Verse 17, but in the context of Mūsā (عليه السلام).]</sub>
# Hād (Guide)<ref>(وَلِكُلِّ قَوۡمٍ هَادٍ) - Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 7</ref>
# Closer [to the Believers] - ((ٱلنَّبِیُّ أَوۡلَىٰ بِٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ مِنۡ أَنفُسِهِمۡۖ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 6]</sub>
# Dāʿī ilā Allāh (Caller to Allah)<ref>(وَدَاعِیًا إِلَى ٱللَّهِ) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 46</ref>
# Mercy - ((وَمَاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَـٰكَ إِلَّا رَحۡمَةࣰ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Anbiyāʾ: Verse 107]</sub>
# Sirāj Munīr (Illuminating Beacon)<ref>(وَسِرَاجࣰا مُّنِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 46</ref>
# Luminosity - ((قَدۡ جَاۤءَكُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ نُورࣱ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 15]</sub>
# ʿAbd (Servant)<ref>(وَإِن كُنتُمۡ فِی رَیۡبࣲ مِّمَّا نَزَّلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 23
# Witness - ((عَلَىٰ هَـٰۤؤُلَاۤءِ شَهِیدࣰا)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 41]</sub>
 
# Clear [warner] - ((إِنَّمَاۤ أَنَا۠ لَكُمۡ نَذِیرࣱ مُّبِینࣱ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ḥajj: Verse 49]</sub>
(وَمَاۤ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا) - Sūrah al-Anfāl: Verse 41
# Sent [Messenger] - ((وَإِنَّكَ لَمِنَ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 252]</sub>
 
# Mantled - ((یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُدَّثِّرُ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Muddaththir: Verse 1]</sub>
(أَسۡرَىٰ بِعَبۡدِهِۦ) - Sūrah al-Isrāʾ: Verse 1
# Enshrouded - ((یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُزَّمِّلُ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Muzzammil: Verse 1]</sub>
 
# Remembrancer - ((فَذَكِّرۡ إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُذَكِّرࣱ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ghāshiyah: Verse 21]</sub>
(ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَنزَلَ عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِهِ) - Sūrah al-Kahf: Verse 1</ref>
# Trustworthy - ((رَسُولٌ أَمِینࣱ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Shuʿarāʾ: Verse 107, among other locations in the same sūrah]</sub>
# Ṣāḥib (Friend; Companion)<ref>(مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمۡ) - Sūrah al-Najm: Verse 2</ref>
# Reminder - ((قَدۡ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَیۡكُمۡ ذِكۡرࣰا)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ṭalāq: Verse 10]</sub>
# Raḥmah li al-ʿĀlamīn (Mercy for the Worlds)<ref>(وَمَاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَـٰكَ إِلَّا رَحۡمَةࣰ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِینَ) - Sūrah al-Anbiyāʾ: Verse 107</ref>
# [One Who] Lends an Ear ((قُلۡ أُذُنُ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Tawbah: Verse 61]</sub>
# Muddaththir (Mantled)<ref>(یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُدَّثِّرُ) - Sūrah al-Muddaththir: Verse 1</ref>
# Clear Proof - ((حَتَّىٰ تَأۡتِیَهُمُ ٱلۡبَیِّنَةُ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Bayyinah: Verse 1]</sub>
# Muzzammil (Enshrouded; Swathed in cloth)<ref>(یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُزَّمِّلُ) - Sūrah al-Muzzammil: Verse 1</ref>
# Guidance - ((فَإِمَّا یَأۡتِیَنَّكُم مِّنِّی هُدࣰى)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 38]</sub>
# Raʾūf & Raḥīm (Empathetic; Compassionate and Merciful)<ref>(رَءُوفࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 143</ref>
# Truth - ((بَلۡ كَذَّبُوا۟ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لَمَّا جَاۤءَهُمۡ)) <sub>[Sūrah Qāf: Verse 5]</sub>
# Karīm (Noble)<ref>(رَسُولࣲ كَرِیمࣲ) - al-Ḥāqqah: Verse 40.
# Truthfulness - ((وَٱلَّذِی جَاۤءَ بِٱلصِّدۡقِ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Zumar: Verse 33]</sub>
 
# Arbitrator - ((وَإِذَا دُعُوۤا۟ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ لِیَحۡكُمَ بَیۡنَهُمۡ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Nūr: Verse 48]</sub>
The term “رَسُولࣱ كَرِیمٌ” also appears in Sūrah al-Dukhān: Verse 17, but in the context of Mūsā (عليه السلام).</ref>
# Judge - ((إِذَا قَضَى ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥۤ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 36]</sub>
# Mudhakkir (Remembrancer)<ref>(فَذَكِّرۡ إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُذَكِّرࣱ) - Sūrah al-Ghāshiyah: Verse 21</ref>
# Ṭāhā - ((طه ۝ مَاۤ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَیۡكَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ لِتَشۡقَىٰۤ)) <sub>[Sūrah Ṭāhā: Verse 1 and 2]</sub>
# Munādī (Harbinger)<ref>(سَمِعۡنَا مُنَادِیࣰا یُنَادِی لِلۡإِیمَـٰنِ) - Sūrah Āl ʿImrān: Verse 193</ref>
# Yā Sīn - ((یسۤ ۝ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡحَكِیمِ)) <sub>[Sūrah Yā Sīn: Verse 1 and 2]</sub>
# Muslim (Submitter)<ref>(وَأُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ) - Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 72</ref>
# Peace - ((سُبُلَ ٱلسَّلَـٰمِ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 16]</sub>
# Sājid (One who prostrates)<ref>(وَكُن مِّنَ ٱلسَّـٰجِدِینَ) - Sūrah al-Ḥijr: Verse 98</ref>
# Knower - ((فَٱعۡلَمۡ أَنَّهُۥ لَاۤ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ)) <sub>[Sūrah Muḥammad: Verse 19]</sub>
# Mujāhid (Crusader)<ref>(جَـٰهِدِ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ وَٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ) - Sūrah al-Tawbah: Verse 73; Sūrah al-Taḥrīm: Verse 9</ref>
# Undeviating (''mustaqīm'') - ((فَٱسۡتَقِمۡ كَمَاۤ أُمِرۡتَ)) <sub>[Sūrah Hūd: Verse 112]</sub>
# Mustaghfir (Seeker of Forgiveness)<ref>(وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لِذَنۢبِكَ) - Sūrah Muḥammad: Verse 19</ref>
# Submitter - ((وَأُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 72]</sub>
# Bayyinah (Clear Proof)<ref>(حَتَّىٰ تَأۡتِیَهُمُ ٱلۡبَیِّنَةُ) - Sūrah al-Bayyinah: Verse 1</ref>
# Thankful - ((أَلَیۡسَ ٱللَّهُ بِأَعۡلَمَ بِٱلشَّـٰكِرِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Anʿām: Verse 53]</sub>
# Burhān (Apodictic Proof)<ref>(قَدۡ جَاۤءَكُم بُرۡهَـٰنࣱ) - Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 174</ref>
# Chosen One (''muṣṭafā, mujtabā, mukhtār'')
# Rajul (Man)<ref>(أَوۡحَیۡنَاۤ إِلَىٰ رَجُلࣲ مِّنۡهُمۡ) - Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 2</ref>
## ((ٱصۡطَفَیۡنَا مِنۡ عِبَادِنَاۖ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Fāṭir: Verse 32]</sub>
# Awwal (The First)<ref>(وَأُمِرۡتُ لِأَنۡ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ) - Sūrah al-Zumar: Verse 12</ref>
## ((وَٱجۡتَبَیۡنَـٰهُمۡ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Anʿām: Verse 87]</sub>
# Ṭāhā<ref>(طه) - Sūrah Ṭāhā: Verse 1</ref>
## ((وَرَبُّكَ یَخۡلُقُ مَا یَشَاۤءُ وَیَخۡتَارُۗ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Qaṣaṣ: Verse 68]</sub>
# Yā Sīn<ref>(یسۤ) - Sūrah Yā Sīn: Verse 1</ref>
# Seed/Sprout - ((كَزَرۡعٍ أَخۡرَجَ شَطۡـَٔهُۥ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Fatḥ: Verse 29]</sub>
# Ḥamīd/Maḥmūd (Praiser and Praiseworthy)<ref>(حم) - Sūrah al-Ghāfir, al-Sajdah, al-Shūrā, al-Zukhruf, al-Dukhān, al-Jāthiyah, and al-Aḥqāf</ref>
# Blessing - ((وَٱذۡكُرُوا۟ نِعۡمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَیۡكُمۡ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 7]</sub>
# ʿAzīz/Sayyid/Qādir (Mighty, Leader, Powerful)<ref>(عسق) - [Sūrah al-Shūrā: Verse 2]</ref>
# Guiding Mentor - ((وَلِیࣰّا مُّرۡشِدࣰا)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Kahf: Verse 17]</sub>
 
# Radiant (Happy) - ((وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِینَ سُعِدُوا۟)) <sub>[Sūrah Hūd: Verse 108]</sub>
# Beloved - ((فَٱتَّبِعُونِی یُحۡبِبۡكُمُ ٱللَّهُ)) <sub>[Sūrah Āl ʿImrān: Verse 31]</sub>
# Cleansed - ((وَیُطَهِّرَكُمۡ تَطۡهِیرࣰا)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 33]</sub>
# Pure - ((وَٱلطَّیِّبَـٰتُ لِلطَّیِّبِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Nūr: Verse 26]</sub>
# Intercessor - ((وَلَا تَنفَعُ ٱلشَّفَـٰعَةُ عِندَهُۥۤ إِلَّا لِمَنۡ أَذِنَ لَهُۥۚ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Sabaʾ: Verse 23]</sub>
# Blessed - ((رَحۡمَتُ ٱللَّهِ وَبَرَكَـٰتُهُۥ عَلَیۡكُمۡ أَهۡلَ ٱلۡبَیۡتِۚ)) <sub>[Sūrah Hūd: Verse 73]</sub>
# Confirmation - ((مُصَدِّقࣰا لِّمَا بَیۡنَ یَدَیۡهِ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 48]</sub>
# Souls - ((لَقَدۡ جَاۤءَكُمۡ رَسُولࣱ مِّنۡ أَنفُسِكُمۡ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Tawbah: Verse 128]</sub>
# Apodictic Proof - ((قَدۡ جَاۤءَكُم بُرۡهَـٰنࣱ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 174]</sub>
# The People - ((أَمۡ یَحۡسُدُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ عَلَىٰ مَاۤ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 54]</sub>
# Reciter - ((یَتۡلُوا۟ عَلَیۡكُمۡ ءَایَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ṭalāq: Verse 11]</sub>
# Extractor [from Darkness] - ((وَیُخۡرِجُهُم مِّنَ ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 16]</sub>
# Man (''rajul'') - ((أَوۡحَیۡنَاۤ إِلَىٰ رَجُلࣲ مِّنۡهُمۡ)) <sub>[Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 2]</sub>
# Of Sure Footing - ((أَنَّ لَهُمۡ قَدَمَ صِدۡقٍ)) <sub>[Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 2]</sub>
# Praiser and Praiseworthy (''ḥamīd/maḥmūd'') - ((حم)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ghāfir, al-Sajdah, al-Shūrā, al-Zukhruf, al-Dukhān, al-Jāthiyah, and al-Aḥqāf]</sub>
# Mighty, Leader, Powerful (''ʿazīz/sayyid/qādir'') - ((عسق)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Shūrā: Verse 2]</sub>
# A Reminder - ((وَإِنَّهُۥ لَتَذۡكِرَةࣱ لِّلۡمُتَّقِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ḥāqqah: Verse 48]</sub>
# Sent [to Mankind] - ((هُوَ ٱلَّذِی بَعَثَ فِی ٱلۡأُمِّیِّـۧنَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Jumuʿah: Verse 2]</sub>
# Protected - ((وَٱللَّهُ یَعۡصِمُكَ مِنَ ٱلنَّاسِۗ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 67]</sub>
# Divinely Assisted - ((هُوَ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَیَّدَكَ بِنَصۡرِهِۦ وَبِٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Anfāl: Verse 62]</sub>
# Victorious - ((وَیَنصُرَكَ ٱللَّهُ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Fatḥ: Verse 3]</sub>
# Forgiven - ((لِّیَغۡفِرَ لَكَ ٱللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنۢبِكَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Fatḥ: Verse 2]</sub>
# Triumphant - ((هُمُ ٱلۡغَـٰلِبُونَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 56]</sub>
# Pardoned - ((عَفَا ٱللَّهُ عَنكَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Tawbah: Verse 43]</sub>
# Herald - ((نَبِّئۡ عِبَادِیۤ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ḥijr: Verse 49]</sub>
# Contented - ((لَعَلَّكَ تَرۡضَىٰ)) <sub>[Sūrah Ṭāhā: Verse 130]</sub>
# Exalter - ((فَسَبِّحۡ بِٱسۡمِ رَبِّكَ ٱلۡعَظِیمِ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Wāqiʿah: Verse 74]</sub>
# Prostrative - ((وَكُن مِّنَ ٱلسَّـٰجِدِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ḥijr: Verse 98]</sub>
# Worshiper - ((وَٱعۡبُدۡ رَبَّكَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ḥijr: Verse 99]</sub>
# Follower [of Guidance] - ((فَبِهُدَىٰهُمُ ٱقۡتَدِهۡۗ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Anʿām: Verse 90]</sub>
# Guarded - ((یَحۡفَظُونَهُۥ مِنۡ أَمۡرِ ٱللَّهِۗ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 11]</sub>
# Harbinger - ((سَمِعۡنَا مُنَادِیࣰا یُنَادِی لِلۡإِیمَـٰنِ)) <sub>[Sūrah Āl ʿImrān: Verse 193]</sub>
# Crusader - ((جَـٰهِدِ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ وَٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Tawbah: Verse 73; the phrase is also present in Sūrah al-Taḥrīm: Verse 9]</sub>
# Seeker of Forgiveness - ((وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لِذَنۢبِكَ)) <sub>[Sūrah Muḥammad: Verse 19]</sub>
# Prayerful - ((فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Kawthar: Verse 108]</sub>
# Commanding and Forbidding (''āmir/nāh'') - ((وَمَاۤ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُوا۟ۚ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Ḥashr: Verse 7]</sub>
# Prayer of Vigil (''mutahajjid'') - ((وَمِنَ ٱلَّیۡلِ فَتَهَجَّدۡ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Isrāʾ: Verse 79]</sub>
# Guide (''muhtadī'') - ((وَإِنِ ٱهۡتَدَیۡتُ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Sabaʾ: Verse 50]</sub>
# Trustful (''mutawakkil'') - ((وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى ٱلۡحَیِّ ٱلَّذِی لَا یَمُوتُ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Furqān: Verse 58]</sub>
# The Assembler, The Final, The Eradicator of Disbelief - <sub>Based on a ''ḥadīth'': “I am I am the Eradicator - the one through whom Allah eradicates disbelief. I am the Assembler - the one who around my feet the people shall assemble. And I am the Final - the one after whom there is no one [else as a prophet]...”</sub>
# The First (''Awwal'') - ((وَأُمِرۡتُ لِأَنۡ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Zumar: Verse 12]</sub>
# Aḥmad - ((یَأۡتِی مِنۢ بَعۡدِی ٱسۡمُهُۥۤ أَحۡمَدُ)) [Sūrah al-Ṣaff: Verse 6]  Muḥammad - ((مُّحَمَّدࣱ رَّسُولُ ٱللَّهِۚ)) <sub>[Sūrah al-Fatḥ: Verse 29]</sub>
== Early Life ==
== Early Life ==


Revision as of 19:33, 14 January 2024

Full Name and Lineage

Full name: "Abū Al-Qāsim" Muḥammad bin ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd Al-Muṭṭalib ﷺ.

Full patrilineal lineage:

Muḥammad b. ʿAbdullah b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Hāshim b. ʿAbd Manāf b. Quṣayy b. Kilāb b. Murrah b. Kaʿb b. Luʾayy b. Ghālib b. Fihr b. Mālik b. al-Naḍr b. Kinānah b. Khuzaymah b. Mudrikah b. Ilyās b. Muḍar b. Nizār b. Maʿadd b. ʿAdnān.[1]

Titles and Epithets

*Note: The following is an unfinished section, majorly adapted from Baṣāʾir Dhawī al-Tamyīz. It will be adapted and expanded shortly.*

The Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ is acknowledged by various titles and epithets, numbering over ---. The following list provides a selection of some of these appellations.

  1. Muḥammad[2]
  2. Aḥmad[3]
  3. Nabī (Prophet)[4]
  4. Rasūl (Messenger)[5]
  5. Khātam al-Nabiyyīn (Seal of the Prophets)[6]
  6. al-Nabiyy al-Ummī (The Unlettered Prophet)[7]
  7. Shāhid, Mubashshir, Nadhīr (Witness, Herald of glad tidings, and Forewarner)[8]
  8. Shahīd (Witness; Testimony)[9]
  9. Bashīr (Bearer of good news)[10]
  10. Mundhir (Warner)[11]
  11. Hād (Guide)[12]
  12. Dāʿī ilā Allāh (Caller to Allah)[13]
  13. Sirāj Munīr (Illuminating Beacon)[14]
  14. ʿAbd (Servant)[15]
  15. Ṣāḥib (Friend; Companion)[16]
  16. Raḥmah li al-ʿĀlamīn (Mercy for the Worlds)[17]
  17. Muddaththir (Mantled)[18]
  18. Muzzammil (Enshrouded; Swathed in cloth)[19]
  19. Raʾūf & Raḥīm (Empathetic; Compassionate and Merciful)[20]
  20. Karīm (Noble)[21]
  21. Mudhakkir (Remembrancer)[22]
  22. Munādī (Harbinger)[23]
  23. Muslim (Submitter)[24]
  24. Sājid (One who prostrates)[25]
  25. Mujāhid (Crusader)[26]
  26. Mustaghfir (Seeker of Forgiveness)[27]
  27. Bayyinah (Clear Proof)[28]
  28. Burhān (Apodictic Proof)[29]
  29. Rajul (Man)[30]
  30. Awwal (The First)[31]
  31. Ṭāhā[32]
  32. Yā Sīn[33]
  33. Ḥamīd/Maḥmūd (Praiser and Praiseworthy)[34]
  34. ʿAzīz/Sayyid/Qādir (Mighty, Leader, Powerful)[35]

Early Life

Birth

Muḥaddithūn and Islamic historians unanimously agree that the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ was born in the Year of the Elephant, approximately fifty days after its eponymous incident.[36] Most sources from both groups concur that the Prophet Muḥammad's ﷺ birth occurred in the month of Rabīʿ al-Awwal, the third month of the Islamic lunar calendar, specifically on either the 8th or 12th day (April of 570 CE),[37][38][39] within the household of Abū Ṭālib in Makkah.

Upbringing

He was suckled by his mother Āminah for a few days, then he was suckled by Thuwaybah ﵂. Then he was suckled by Ḥalīmah.

  1. ↑ Kāndhalwī, Muḥammad Idrīs. Seeratul Mustafa (Abridged). Translated by Muhammad Kadwa and Mahomed Mahomedy. 2nd ed. Isipingo Beach, South Africa: Jamiatul Ulama (KZN), 2015. Page 1. For a longer, more detailed lineage, see here.
  2. ↑ (مُّحَمَّدࣱ رَّسُولُ ٱللَّهِۚ) - Sūrah al-Fatḥ: Verse 29
  3. ↑ (وَمُبَشِّرَۢا بِرَسُولࣲ یَأۡتِی مِنۢ بَعۡدِی ٱسۡمُهُۥۤ أَحۡمَدُۖ) - Sūrah al-Ṣaff: Verse 6
  4. ↑ (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلنَّبِیُّ) - Sūrah al-Anfāl, Verse 64, among other locations
  5. ↑ (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلرَّسُولُ) - Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 41
  6. ↑ (وَخَاتَمَ ٱلنَّبِیِّـۧنَۗ) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 40
  7. ↑ (ٱلنَّبِیَّ ٱلۡأُمِّیَّ) - Sūrah al-Aʿrāf: Verse 157
  8. ↑ (شَـٰهِدࣰا وَمُبَشِّرࣰا وَنَذِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 45
  9. ↑ (عَلَىٰ هَـٰۤؤُلَاۤءِ شَهِیدࣰا) - Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 41
  10. ↑ (بَشِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 119
  11. ↑ (إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُنذِرࣱۖ) - Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 7
  12. ↑ (وَلِكُلِّ قَوۡمٍ هَادٍ) - Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 7
  13. ↑ (وَدَاعِیًا إِلَى ٱللَّهِ) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 46
  14. ↑ (وَسِرَاجࣰا مُّنِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 46
  15. ↑ (وَإِن كُنتُمۡ فِی رَیۡبࣲ مِّمَّا نَزَّلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 23 (وَمَاۤ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا) - Sūrah al-Anfāl: Verse 41 (أَسۡرَىٰ بِعَبۡدِهِۦ) - Sūrah al-Isrāʾ: Verse 1 (ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَنزَلَ عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِهِ) - Sūrah al-Kahf: Verse 1
  16. ↑ (مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمۡ) - Sūrah al-Najm: Verse 2
  17. ↑ (وَمَاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَـٰكَ إِلَّا رَحۡمَةࣰ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِینَ) - Sūrah al-Anbiyāʾ: Verse 107
  18. ↑ (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُدَّثِّرُ) - Sūrah al-Muddaththir: Verse 1
  19. ↑ (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُزَّمِّلُ) - Sūrah al-Muzzammil: Verse 1
  20. ↑ (رَءُوفࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 143
  21. ↑ (رَسُولࣲ كَرِیمࣲ) - al-Ḥāqqah: Verse 40. The term “رَسُولࣱ كَرِیمٌ” also appears in Sūrah al-Dukhān: Verse 17, but in the context of Mūsā (عليه السلام).
  22. ↑ (فَذَكِّرۡ إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُذَكِّرࣱ) - Sūrah al-Ghāshiyah: Verse 21
  23. ↑ (سَمِعۡنَا مُنَادِیࣰا یُنَادِی لِلۡإِیمَـٰنِ) - Sūrah Āl ʿImrān: Verse 193
  24. ↑ (وَأُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ) - Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 72
  25. ↑ (وَكُن مِّنَ ٱلسَّـٰجِدِینَ) - Sūrah al-Ḥijr: Verse 98
  26. ↑ (جَـٰهِدِ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ وَٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ) - Sūrah al-Tawbah: Verse 73; Sūrah al-Taḥrīm: Verse 9
  27. ↑ (وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لِذَنۢبِكَ) - Sūrah Muḥammad: Verse 19
  28. ↑ (حَتَّىٰ تَأۡتِیَهُمُ ٱلۡبَیِّنَةُ) - Sūrah al-Bayyinah: Verse 1
  29. ↑ (قَدۡ جَاۤءَكُم بُرۡهَـٰنࣱ) - Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 174
  30. ↑ (أَوۡحَیۡنَاۤ إِلَىٰ رَجُلࣲ مِّنۡهُمۡ) - Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 2
  31. ↑ (وَأُمِرۡتُ لِأَنۡ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ) - Sūrah al-Zumar: Verse 12
  32. ↑ (طه) - Sūrah Ṭāhā: Verse 1
  33. ↑ (یسۤ) - Sūrah Yā Sīn: Verse 1
  34. ↑ (حم) - Sūrah al-Ghāfir, al-Sajdah, al-Shūrā, al-Zukhruf, al-Dukhān, al-Jāthiyah, and al-Aḥqāf
  35. ↑ (عسق) - [Sūrah al-Shūrā: Verse 2]
  36. ↑ Zarqānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Sharḥ Al-ʿAllāmah al-Zarqānī: ʿalā al-Mawāhib al-Ladunniyyah Bi al-Minaḥ al-Muḥammadiyyah Li al-ʿAllāmah al-Qasṭalānī. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Kotob Al-ilmiyah (DKI), 2012. Pages 243-244.
  37. ↑ Qasṭalānī says the 8th is the more likely birthdate. He attributes this opinion to most muḥaddithūn and historians 'who are knowledgeable in the field,' as well as Ibn ʿAbbās and Jubayr b. Muṭʿim. Zarqānī, Muḥammad. Sharḥ Al-ʿAllāmah al-Zarqānī. Pages 246-247.
  38. ↑ Ibn Kathīr says the 12th is the more accurate opinion. He cites a ḥadīth in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim to support his viewpoint in this regard, narrated by Ibn ʿAbbās. Damishqī, Ibn Kathīr. Dhikr Mawlid Al-Nabī Wa Raḍāʿih. PDF. Edited by Maḥmūd al-Arnāʾūṭ, n.d. Pages 134-135
  39. ↑ For the academic discussion on Rasūl-Allāh's ﷺ date of birth, see here.
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