Muḥammad ﷺ: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 03:12, 19 January 2024

Full Name and Lineage

Full name: "Abū Al-Qāsim" Muḥammad bin ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd Al-Muṭṭalib ﷺ.

Full patrilineal lineage:

Muḥammad b. ʿAbdullah b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Hāshim b. ʿAbd Manāf b. Quṣayy b. Kilāb b. Murrah b. Kaʿb b. Luʾayy b. Ghālib b. Fihr b. Mālik b. al-Naḍr b. Kinānah b. Khuzaymah b. Mudrikah b. Ilyās b. Muḍar b. Nizār b. Maʿadd b. ʿAdnān.^[1]

Titles and Epithets

*Note: The following is an unfinished section, majorly adapted from Baṣāʾir Dhawī al-Tamyīz. It will be adapted and expanded shortly.*

The Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ is acknowledged by various titles and epithets, numbering over ---. The following list provides a selection of some of these appellations.

Muḥammad^[2]
Aḥmad^[3]
Nabī (Prophet)^[4]
Rasūl (Messenger)^[5]
Khātam al-Nabiyyīn (Seal of the Prophets)^[6]
al-Nabiyy al-Ummī (The Unlettered Prophet)^[7]
Shāhid, Mubashshir, Nadhīr (Witness, Herald of glad tidings, and Forewarner)^[8]
Shahīd (Witness; Testimony)^[9]
Bashīr (Bearer of good news)^[10]
Mundhir (Warner)^[11]
Hād (Guide)^[12]
Dāʿī ilā Allāh (Caller to Allah)^[13]
Sirāj Munīr (Illuminating Beacon)^[14]
ʿAbd (Servant)^[15]
Ṣāḥib (Friend; Companion)^[16]
Raḥmah li al-ʿĀlamīn (Mercy for the Worlds)^[17]
Muddaththir (Mantled)^[18]
Muzzammil (Enshrouded; Swathed in cloth)^[19]
Raʾūf & Raḥīm (Empathetic; Compassionate and Merciful)^[20]
Karīm (Noble)^[21]
Mudhakkir (Remembrancer)^[22]
Munādī (Harbinger)^[23]
Muslim (Submitter)^[24]
Sājid (One who prostrates)^[25]
Mujāhid (Crusader)^[26]
Mustaghfir (Seeker of Forgiveness)^[27]
Bayyinah (Clear Proof)^[28]
Burhān (Apodictic Proof)^[29]
Rajul (Man)^[30]
Awwal (The First)^[31]
Ṭāhā^[32]
Yā Sīn^[33]
Ḥamīd/Maḥmūd (Praiser and Praiseworthy)^[34]
ʿAzīz/Sayyid/Qādir (Mighty, Leader, Powerful)^[35]

Early Life

Birth

Muḥaddithūn and Islamic historians unanimously agree that the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ was born in the Year of the Elephant, approximately fifty days after its eponymous incident.^[36] Most sources from both groups concur that the Prophet Muḥammad's ﷺ birth occurred in the month of Rabīʿ al-Awwal, the third month of the Islamic lunar calendar, specifically on either the 8th or 12th day (April of 570 CE),^[37]^[38]^[39] within the household of Abū Ṭālib in Makkah.

Upbringing

He was suckled by his mother Āminah for a few days, then he was suckled by Thuwaybah ﵂. Then he was suckled by Ḥalīmah.

↑ Kāndhalwī, Muḥammad Idrīs. Seeratul Mustafa (Abridged). Translated by Muhammad Kadwa and Mahomed Mahomedy. 2nd ed. Isipingo Beach, South Africa: Jamiatul Ulama (KZN), 2015. Page 1. For a longer, more detailed lineage, see here.
↑ (مُّحَمَّدࣱ رَّسُولُ ٱللَّهِۚ) - Sūrah al-Fatḥ: Verse 29
↑ (وَمُبَشِّرَۢا بِرَسُولࣲ یَأۡتِی مِنۢ بَعۡدِی ٱسۡمُهُۥۤ أَحۡمَدُۖ) - Sūrah al-Ṣaff: Verse 6
↑ (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلنَّبِیُّ) - Sūrah al-Anfāl, Verse 64, among other locations
↑ (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلرَّسُولُ) - Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 41
↑ (وَخَاتَمَ ٱلنَّبِیِّـۧنَۗ) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 40
↑ (ٱلنَّبِیَّ ٱلۡأُمِّیَّ) - Sūrah al-Aʿrāf: Verse 157
↑ (شَـٰهِدࣰا وَمُبَشِّرࣰا وَنَذِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 45
↑ (عَلَىٰ هَـٰۤؤُلَاۤءِ شَهِیدࣰا) - Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 41
↑ (بَشِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 119
↑ (إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُنذِرࣱۖ) - Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 7
↑ (وَلِكُلِّ قَوۡمٍ هَادٍ) - Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 7
↑ (وَدَاعِیًا إِلَى ٱللَّهِ) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 46
↑ (وَسِرَاجࣰا مُّنِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 46
↑ (وَإِن كُنتُمۡ فِی رَیۡبࣲ مِّمَّا نَزَّلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 23 (وَمَاۤ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا) - Sūrah al-Anfāl: Verse 41 (أَسۡرَىٰ بِعَبۡدِهِۦ) - Sūrah al-Isrāʾ: Verse 1 (ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَنزَلَ عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِهِ) - Sūrah al-Kahf: Verse 1
↑ (مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمۡ) - Sūrah al-Najm: Verse 2
↑ (وَمَاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَـٰكَ إِلَّا رَحۡمَةࣰ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِینَ) - Sūrah al-Anbiyāʾ: Verse 107
↑ (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُدَّثِّرُ) - Sūrah al-Muddaththir: Verse 1
↑ (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُزَّمِّلُ) - Sūrah al-Muzzammil: Verse 1
↑ (رَءُوفࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 143
↑ (رَسُولࣲ كَرِیمࣲ) - al-Ḥāqqah: Verse 40. The term “رَسُولࣱ كَرِیمٌ” also appears in Sūrah al-Dukhān: Verse 17, but in the context of Mūsā (عليه السلام).
↑ (فَذَكِّرۡ إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُذَكِّرࣱ) - Sūrah al-Ghāshiyah: Verse 21
↑ (سَمِعۡنَا مُنَادِیࣰا یُنَادِی لِلۡإِیمَـٰنِ) - Sūrah Āl ʿImrān: Verse 193
↑ (وَأُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ) - Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 72
↑ (وَكُن مِّنَ ٱلسَّـٰجِدِینَ) - Sūrah al-Ḥijr: Verse 98
↑ (جَـٰهِدِ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ وَٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ) - Sūrah al-Tawbah: Verse 73; Sūrah al-Taḥrīm: Verse 9
↑ (وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لِذَنۢبِكَ) - Sūrah Muḥammad: Verse 19
↑ (حَتَّىٰ تَأۡتِیَهُمُ ٱلۡبَیِّنَةُ) - Sūrah al-Bayyinah: Verse 1
↑ (قَدۡ جَاۤءَكُم بُرۡهَـٰنࣱ) - Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 174
↑ (أَوۡحَیۡنَاۤ إِلَىٰ رَجُلࣲ مِّنۡهُمۡ) - Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 2
↑ (وَأُمِرۡتُ لِأَنۡ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ) - Sūrah al-Zumar: Verse 12
↑ (طه) - Sūrah Ṭāhā: Verse 1
↑ (یسۤ) - Sūrah Yā Sīn: Verse 1
↑ (حم) - Sūrah al-Ghāfir, al-Sajdah, al-Shūrā, al-Zukhruf, al-Dukhān, al-Jāthiyah, and al-Aḥqāf
↑ (عسق) - [Sūrah al-Shūrā: Verse 2]
↑ Zarqānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Sharḥ Al-ʿAllāmah al-Zarqānī: ʿalā al-Mawāhib al-Ladunniyyah Bi al-Minaḥ al-Muḥammadiyyah Li al-ʿAllāmah al-Qasṭalānī. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Kotob Al-ilmiyah (DKI), 2012. Pages 243-244.
↑ Qasṭalānī says the 8th is the more likely birthdate. He attributes this opinion to most muḥaddithūn and historians 'who are knowledgeable in the field,' as well as Ibn ʿAbbās and Jubayr b. Muṭʿim. Zarqānī, Muḥammad. Sharḥ Al-ʿAllāmah al-Zarqānī. Pages 246-247.
↑ Ibn Kathīr says the 12th is the more accurate opinion. He cites a ḥadīth in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim to support his viewpoint in this regard, narrated by Ibn ʿAbbās. Damishqī, Ibn Kathīr. Dhikr Mawlid Al-Nabī Wa Raḍāʿih. PDF. Edited by Maḥmūd al-Arnāʾūṭ, n.d. Pages 134-135
↑ For the academic discussion on Rasūl-Allāh's ﷺ date of birth, see here.

[1] Kāndhalwī, Muḥammad Idrīs. Seeratul Mustafa (Abridged). Translated by Muhammad Kadwa and Mahomed Mahomedy. 2nd ed. Isipingo Beach, South Africa: Jamiatul Ulama (KZN), 2015. Page 1. For a longer, more detailed lineage, see here.

[2] (مُّحَمَّدࣱ رَّسُولُ ٱللَّهِۚ) - Sūrah al-Fatḥ: Verse 29

[3] (وَمُبَشِّرَۢا بِرَسُولࣲ یَأۡتِی مِنۢ بَعۡدِی ٱسۡمُهُۥۤ أَحۡمَدُۖ) - Sūrah al-Ṣaff: Verse 6

[4] (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلنَّبِیُّ) - Sūrah al-Anfāl, Verse 64, among other locations

[5] (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلرَّسُولُ) - Sūrah al-Māʾidah: Verse 41

[6] (وَخَاتَمَ ٱلنَّبِیِّـۧنَۗ) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 40

[7] (ٱلنَّبِیَّ ٱلۡأُمِّیَّ) - Sūrah al-Aʿrāf: Verse 157

[8] (شَـٰهِدࣰا وَمُبَشِّرࣰا وَنَذِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 45

[9] (عَلَىٰ هَـٰۤؤُلَاۤءِ شَهِیدࣰا) - Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 41

[10] (بَشِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 119

[11] (إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُنذِرࣱۖ) - Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 7

[12] (وَلِكُلِّ قَوۡمٍ هَادٍ) - Sūrah al-Raʿd: Verse 7

[13] (وَدَاعِیًا إِلَى ٱللَّهِ) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 46

[14] (وَسِرَاجࣰا مُّنِیرࣰا) - Sūrah al-Aḥzāb: Verse 46

[15] (وَإِن كُنتُمۡ فِی رَیۡبࣲ مِّمَّا نَزَّلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 23 (وَمَاۤ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِنَا) - Sūrah al-Anfāl: Verse 41 (أَسۡرَىٰ بِعَبۡدِهِۦ) - Sūrah al-Isrāʾ: Verse 1 (ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَنزَلَ عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِهِ) - Sūrah al-Kahf: Verse 1

[16] (مَا ضَلَّ صَاحِبُكُمۡ) - Sūrah al-Najm: Verse 2

[17] (وَمَاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَـٰكَ إِلَّا رَحۡمَةࣰ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِینَ) - Sūrah al-Anbiyāʾ: Verse 107

[18] (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُدَّثِّرُ) - Sūrah al-Muddaththir: Verse 1

[19] (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُزَّمِّلُ) - Sūrah al-Muzzammil: Verse 1

[20] (رَءُوفࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ) - Sūrah al-Baqarah: Verse 143

[21] (رَسُولࣲ كَرِیمࣲ) - al-Ḥāqqah: Verse 40. The term “رَسُولࣱ كَرِیمٌ” also appears in Sūrah al-Dukhān: Verse 17, but in the context of Mūsā (عليه السلام).

[22] (فَذَكِّرۡ إِنَّمَاۤ أَنتَ مُذَكِّرࣱ) - Sūrah al-Ghāshiyah: Verse 21

[23] (سَمِعۡنَا مُنَادِیࣰا یُنَادِی لِلۡإِیمَـٰنِ) - Sūrah Āl ʿImrān: Verse 193

[24] (وَأُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ) - Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 72

[25] (وَكُن مِّنَ ٱلسَّـٰجِدِینَ) - Sūrah al-Ḥijr: Verse 98

[26] (جَـٰهِدِ ٱلۡكُفَّارَ وَٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ) - Sūrah al-Tawbah: Verse 73; Sūrah al-Taḥrīm: Verse 9

[27] (وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لِذَنۢبِكَ) - Sūrah Muḥammad: Verse 19

[28] (حَتَّىٰ تَأۡتِیَهُمُ ٱلۡبَیِّنَةُ) - Sūrah al-Bayyinah: Verse 1

[29] (قَدۡ جَاۤءَكُم بُرۡهَـٰنࣱ) - Sūrah al-Nisāʾ: Verse 174

[30] (أَوۡحَیۡنَاۤ إِلَىٰ رَجُلࣲ مِّنۡهُمۡ) - Sūrah Yūnus: Verse 2

[31] (وَأُمِرۡتُ لِأَنۡ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ) - Sūrah al-Zumar: Verse 12

[32] (طه) - Sūrah Ṭāhā: Verse 1

[33] (یسۤ) - Sūrah Yā Sīn: Verse 1

[34] (حم) - Sūrah al-Ghāfir, al-Sajdah, al-Shūrā, al-Zukhruf, al-Dukhān, al-Jāthiyah, and al-Aḥqāf

[35] (عسق) - [Sūrah al-Shūrā: Verse 2]

[36] Zarqānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Sharḥ Al-ʿAllāmah al-Zarqānī: ʿalā al-Mawāhib al-Ladunniyyah Bi al-Minaḥ al-Muḥammadiyyah Li al-ʿAllāmah al-Qasṭalānī. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Kotob Al-ilmiyah (DKI), 2012. Pages 243-244.

[37] Qasṭalānī says the 8th is the more likely birthdate. He attributes this opinion to most muḥaddithūn and historians 'who are knowledgeable in the field,' as well as Ibn ʿAbbās and Jubayr b. Muṭʿim. Zarqānī, Muḥammad. Sharḥ Al-ʿAllāmah al-Zarqānī. Pages 246-247.

[38] Ibn Kathīr says the 12th is the more accurate opinion. He cites a ḥadīth in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim to support his viewpoint in this regard, narrated by Ibn ʿAbbās. Damishqī, Ibn Kathīr. Dhikr Mawlid Al-Nabī Wa Raḍāʿih. PDF. Edited by Maḥmūd al-Arnāʾūṭ, n.d. Pages 134-135

[39] For the academic discussion on Rasūl-Allāh's ﷺ date of birth, see here.

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@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 === Upbringing ===
+{{Hatnote|See main article [[Childhood of the Prophet]]}}
 He was suckled by his mother [[Āminah bint Wahab|Āminah]] for a few days, then he was suckled by [[Thuwaybah]] ﵂. Then he was suckled by [[Ḥalīmah]].